Bioinformatics: Sequences, Structures, Phylogeny by Asheesh Shanker

Author:Asheesh Shanker
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9789811315626
Publisher: Springer Singapore

The quaternary structures represent the interactions between separate RNA units or between RNA and proteins like in ribosome or spliceosome.

10.2.3.5 Quadruplex Structures

In G-rich RNA sequences, noncanonical secondary structures held together by Hoogsteen-bonded planar guanine quartets form G-quadruplexes. They occur in transcripts associated with telomeres, in noncoding sequences of primary transcripts, and within mature transcripts. At these specific locations, they play important roles in key cellular functions, including telomere homeostasis, regulation of pre-mRNA processing (splicing and polyadenylation), RNA turnover, and mRNA targeting and translation (Fay et al. 2017). RNA G-quadruplexes govern regulatory mechanisms like the binding of protein factors that modulate G-quadruplex conformation and/or serve as a bridge to recruit additional protein regulators (Dolinnaya et al. 2016; Agarwal et al. 2012; Millevoi et al. 2012). Current methods for identifying RNA G-quadruplex involve the use of short, purified RNA sequences in vitro in the absence of competition with secondary structures or protein binding. In case of long functional RNAs and in cellular context, a comparison of RNA and 7-deaza-RNA is used (Weldon et al. 2016; Weldon et al. 2017).

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